Related to industrialization and the rural exodus, the working poor became an increasingly large segment of the population. Although he was classified as center-left, Thiers's second government was highly conservative, and dedicated to the protection of the interests of the bourgeoisie. Although some voices began to push for the closure of the Republican clubs, which fomented revolutionary agitation, the Minister of Justice, Dupont de l'Eure, and the Parisian public prosecutor, Bernard, both Republicans, refused to prosecute revolutionary associations (the French law prohibited meetings of more than 20 persons). The king promised to follow the juste milieu, or the middle-of-the-road, avoiding the extremes of both the conservative supporters of Charles X and radicals on the left. At the end of May, the vote on the secret funds gave a large majority to the new government, which also had the budget passed without any problems. ", Kalman, Julie. Robert Peel's government in Britain collapsed in 1846 after disputes over the Corn Laws, bringing the Liberals back into government led by Lord Russell and Lord Palmerston. However, Louis believed in a kind of monarchy in which the king was more than a figurehead for an elected Parliament, and as such, he was deeply involved in legislative affairs. Lock front action ,same decorations , Nipples ok. Steel rods ( original ? Paris : Presses Universitaires de France, 1962 (OCoLC)567827956 Online version: Vigier, Philippe. To express their support for the monarchy, both Chambers gathered in the Palace of the Tuileries on 14 April. Eux-mêmes sont divisés sur la place qu'il faut accorder au roi dans la direction du pays (Thiers est opposé à l'idée d'un roi qui gouverne alors que Guizot s'en accommode.). Another attentat against Louis-Philippe, by Alibaud on 25 June 1836, justified their fears. La petite bourgeoisie boutiquière va aussi trouver une satisfaction. La partie gauche de la Chambre des députés demande une réforme politique. Elle raille son avarice, son physique. Molé's cabinet appeared to be taken hostage by the Doctrinaires, at the exact moment when Guizot was distancing himself from the President of the Council. [8] The disease, the origins of which were unknown at the time, provoked a popular panic. The king had closely followed and personally financed the project entrusted to the architect Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine. [2] The new regime then decided on 11 October that all people injured during the revolution (500 orphans, 500 widows and 3,850 people injured) would be given financial compensation and presented a draft law indemnifying them in the amount of 7 million francs, also creating a commemorative medal for the July Revolutionaries. READ PAPER. After this promising beginning, in May Molé's government managed to secure Parliament's confidence during the debate on the secret funds, despite Odilon Barrot's attacks (250 votes to 112). En juillet 1830, les hommes politiques issus de la bourgeoisie profitent des émeutes parisiennes pour opérer seulement un changement de dynastie royale. Guizot's government granted railway and mining contracts to the bourgeois supporters of the government, and contributed some of the start-up costs of these enterprises. Although the end of the July Monarchy brought France to the brink of civil war, the period was also characterized by an effervescence of artistic and intellectual creation. Postponed to 22 February, this banquet would provoke the February 1848 Revolution. I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license: Thus, though the July Monarchy seemed to move toward reform, this movement was largely illusory. « Monarchie de Juillet » expliqué aux enfants par Vikidia, l’encyclopédie junior, La bourgeoisie française accapare le pouvoir, Parti de la résistance et parti du mouvement, Gouvernement Provisoire de la République Française, premiers colons d'origine européenne s'installent dans ce territoire, L'impôt que l'on doit payer pour ses biens, ouvrir et entretenir une école primaire de garçons, loi qui réglemente le travail des enfants, https://fr.vikidia.org/w/index.php?title=Monarchie_de_Juillet&oldid=1369046, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0. The threat was more serious in Grenoble and especially in Saint-Étienne on 11 April but finally public order was restored. Download PDF. Having succeeded in outdoing the Parti du Mouvement, the "Citizen King" called to power the Parti de la Résistance. It completely buy now!LES FRANÇAIS ET LA MONARCHIE (1789-1793) INTRODUCTION. Of a total of 459 deputies, only a plurality of 220 were supporters of the regime. The Broglie ministry, however, finally fell on a question concerning the public debt. La Monarchie de juillet (1830-1848) Par: Mozelle et Janica La Monarchie de Juillet et Victor Hugo La Monarchie de Juillet et Victor Hugo continué... Louis était nommé pair (nobilité) de France par Louis Philippe en 1841 Victor Hugo a intervenu beaucoup de fois devant la Chambre Late in his reign Louis-Philippe became increasingly rigid and dogmatic and his President of the Council, François Guizot, had become deeply unpopular, but the king refused to remove him. Chu, Petra ten-Doesschate, and Gabriel P. Weisberg, eds. After Louis-Philippe's ousting and subsequent exile to Britain, the liberal Orleanist faction (opposed by the counter-revolutionary Legitimists) continued to support a return of the House of Orléans to the throne. De 20 à 60 ans, tous ceux qui payent l'impôt sur leurs biens servent dans cette armée bénévole, faiblement expérimentée, mais bien équipée avec 800 000 fusils et 600 canons. Gérard however, was forced to resign in turn, on 29 October 1834, over the question of an amnesty for the 2,000 prisoners detained in April. Therefore, the Council of Ministers immediately disavowed Humann, while the Duke de Broglie explained to the Chamber that his proposal was not supported by the government. Thiers' motivations for accepting the position of head of the government and taking the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as well were to enable him to negotiate the duc d'Orléans's wedding with an Austrian archduchess. Le roi se décide alors à remplacer Guizot par Molé. Louis-Philippe finally tricked Laffitte into resigning by having his Minister of Foreign Affairs, Horace Sébastiani, pass him a note written by the French ambassador to Vienna, Marshal Maison, and which had arrived in Paris on 4 March 1831, which announced an imminent Austrian intervention in Italy. The scene was later depicted by Victor Hugo in Les Misérables. Some of those were fronts for secret societies (for example, the Blanquist Société des Amis du Peuple), which sought political and social reforms, or the execution of Charles X's ministers (Jules de Polignac, Jean de Chantelauze, the Count de Peyronnet and the Martial de Guernon-Ranville). Par Vikidia, l’encyclopédie pour les jeunes, qui explique aux enfants et à ceux qui veulent une présentation simple d'un sujet. : It is a unique record of the July Monarchy. Aussi ils se contentent de modifier à leur profit la Constitution de 1814. In two days, the Canuts took control of the city and expelled General Roguet and the mayor Victor Prunelle. The polemics which led to Marshal Mortier's resignation, fueled by monarchists such as Baron Massias and the Count of Roederer, all turned around the question of parliamentary prerogative. [4] The Minister of the Interior, Guizot, re-appointed the entire prefectoral administration and the mayors of large cities. These subsidies mainly went into the pockets of big entrepreneurs aligned with the new regime, such as the printer Firmin Didot. On 7 August 1830, the 1814 Charter was revised. La Monarchie de Juillet (période de 1830 – 1848) I – Les Français sous la Monarchie de Juillet . Mais dans la soirée des manifestants sont tués par des soldats. His aim was more to re-establish order in the country, letting the Parti de la Résistance assume responsibility for unpopular measures. Cette tendance de la haute bourgeoisie est dénommée le « parti du Mouvement ». In a gesture of appeasement, Laffitte, supported by the Prince Royal Ferdinand-Philippe, duke of Orléans, proposed to the king that he remove the fleur-de-lys, symbol of the Ancien Régime, from the state seal. Louis-Napoléon est emprisonné au fort de Ham, dans la Somme (dont il s'évade en 1846). 69). The relatively moderate Comte de Provence, brother of the deposed-and-executed Louis XVI, ruled as Louis XVIII from 1814 to 1824 and was succeeded by his more conservative younger brother, the former Comte d'Artois, ruling as Charles X from 1824. The left demanded their heads, but this was opposed by Louis-Philippe, who feared a spiral of violence and the renewal of revolutionary Terror. Thus, while appearing to honor his pledge to increase suffrage, Louis-Philippe acted primarily to empower his supporters and increase his hold over the French Parliament. As early as 13 May the Chamber of Deputies voted a credit of 14 million in order to increase the army to 360,000 men. As Thiers had previously supported this proposition, he was acutely criticized by the Left. According to him, the monarchy should favor the "middle classes", defined by land ownership, a "moral" tied to money, work and savings. Louis-Philippe's government was not able to put an end to it, mostly because the National Guard was headed by one of the Republican leaders, the marquis de La Fayette, who advocated a "popular throne surrounded by Republican institutions." "[citation needed]. The new Minister of Interior, Adolphe Thiers, had his first success on 7 November 1832 with the arrest in Nantes of the rebellious duchess of Berry, who was detained in the citadel of Blaye. De 1836 à 1839, grâce à la complaisance du gouvernement Molé, le roi participe à la direction du pays. En avril 1834, il y a un nouveau soulèvement à Lyon, lui aussi réprimé durement, on relève 300 morts et 300 blessés. On 30 May 1837, the Duke of Orléans' wedding was celebrated at the château de Fontainebleau. After a three-week ministerial crisis, during which the "Citizen King" successively called on count Molé, André Dupin, Marshal Soult, General Sébastiani and Gérard, he was finally forced to rely on the duc de Broglie and to accept his conditions, which were close to those imposed before by Casimir Perier. Ce retournement diplomatique indispose une grande partie de l'opinion française, où le souvenir des guerres de la Révolution est encore présent. By 1848, a year in which many European states had a revolution, the king's popularity had collapsed, and he was overthrown. Christians imagined a "charitable economy", while the ideas of Socialism, in particular Utopian Socialism (Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, etc.) Thiers, a reformer, succeeded Molé but was later sacked by Louis-Philippe after attempting to pursue an aggressive foreign policy. This new cabinet did not include any veterans of the July Revolution, something the press immediately highlighted. This in turn increased public favor towards the colonization of Algeria. Two days later, they also adopted a very repressive law on detention and use of military weapons. This crisis made the Tiers-Parti ridiculous while the Doctrinaires triumphed. Finally, Louis-Philippe married his elder daughter, Louise d'Orléans, to the new king of the Belgians, Leopold I, on the anniversary of the establishment of the July Monarchy (9 August). Distrusting the National Guard, Louis-Philippe increased the size of the army and reformed it in order to ensure its loyalty to the government. Furthermore, the function of the President of the Council itself was not even set out in the Charter. But the July Monarchy proved to be the last Bourbon-Orleans monarchy of France (although monarchy was re-established under Napoleon Bonaparte's nephew, who reigned as Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870). Constitutional Law in Context D. Brand, C. Gevers. Traducere în engleză a cuvântului Monarchie de Juillet. At the end of the regime, the campagne des banquets took place in all of the big cities of France. Thiers supported Mehemet Ali, the viceroy of Egypt, in his ambition to constitute a vast Arabian Empire from Egypt to Syria. The 1846 harvest was poor, in France as elsewhere (especially Ireland, but also Galicia and Bohemia). During the vote on the secret funds, both Guizot, in the Chamber of Deputies, and the duc de Broglie, in the Chamber of Peers, criticized the cabinet, although both ultimately voted with the government. : Sous la monarchie de Juillet, elle tint un salon très brillant.
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