[20], The Congolese government rejected the AU's appeal to delay that announcement of the final results on 18 January, and that the announcement will be made after the Constitutional Court makes a decision. The Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (FARDC) consist of about 144,000 personnel, the majority of whom are part of the land forces, also with a small air force and an even smaller navy. [91], The rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo contain great biodiversity, including many rare and endemic species, such as the common chimpanzee and the bonobo, the African forest elephant, the mountain gorilla, the okapi and the white rhino. After a four-year interlude between two constitutions, with new political institutions established at the various levels of government, as well as new administrative divisions for the provinces throughout the country, a new constitution came into effect in 2006 and politics in the Democratic Republic of the Congo finally settled into a stable presidential democratic republic. [50] In early September 2018, he again called on the opposition to unite behind a single candidate. Another list was published on 24 August, and the final one was published on 19 September. Has country already reached SDG target on clean cooking fuels? The country is divided into twenty six provinces. These authors, along with others, used their platforms to bring awareness to the crises and conflicts that took place in the Congo. Belgian exploration and administration took place from the 1870s until the 1920s. However, evidence suggests that DRC continues to be a destination country for immigrants, in spite of recent declines in their numbers. [127], In 2015, figures both inside and outside of the country, such as Filimbi and Emmanuel Weyi, spoke out about the need to curb violence and instability as the 2016 elections approached. According to American writer Samuel Henry Nelson: "It is probable that the word 'Kongo' itself implies a public gathering and that it is based on the root konga, 'to gather' (trans[itive]). Schatzberg, Michael G (February 1980) Politics and Class in Zaire: Bureaucracy, Business and Beer in Lisala, Africana Pub. [211], Rais Neza Boneza, an author from the Katanga province of the Democratic Republic of Congo, wrote novels and poems to promote artistic expressions as a way to address and deal with conflicts.[212]. [221] One of the goals of the SDG 15 is to reduce deforestation and encourage reforestation by 2020. The tropical climate also produced the Congo River system which dominates the region topographically along with the rainforest it flows through, though they are not mutually exclusive. The church owns and manages an extensive network of hospitals, schools, and clinics, as well as many diocesan economic enterprises, including farms, ranches, stores, and artisans' shops. "[16] African Union leader Moussa Faki said that any disputes should be "resolved peacefully, by turning to the relevant laws". The country is currently divided into the city-province of Kinshasa and 25 other provinces. [93] British Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt said he was "very concerned about discrepancies" in the results. Primary education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is not free or compulsory,[citation needed] even though the Congolese constitution says it should be (Article 43 of the 2005 Congolese Constitution). [citation needed], The Rift valley has exposed an enormous amount of mineral wealth throughout the south and east of the Congo, making it accessible to mining. La deuxième guerre du Congo qui a débuté en 1998 a été le conflit le plus meurtrier sur la planète depuis la guerre civile chinoise. Statistiques de la République démocratique du Congo. [220] Deforestation is the primary cause of biodiversity reduction and species loss globally, through habitat loss and fragmentation. La République démocratique du Congo est une nation presque entièrement enclavée en Afrique subsaharienne. Four hundred thousand people were evacuated from the city during the eruption. According to the International Organization for Migration, the number of immigrants in the DRC has fallen from just over one million in 1960, to 754,000 in 1990, to 480,000 in 2005, to an estimated 445,000 in 2010. The country is bordered by Angola, the South Atlantic Ocean, the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania across Lake Tanganyika, and Zambia. [70] On 8 December 2017, fourteen UN soldiers and five Congolese regular soldiers were killed in a rebel attack at Semuliki in Beni territory. [15] Martin Fayulu, who came in second, has claimed that the election was rigged and that he will challenge the result in the DRC's Constitutional Court. On 5 September 1960, Kasavubu dismissed Lumumba from office. "[71], On 4 January, United States President Donald Trump deployed 80 U.S. troops to the nearby country of Gabon to stand by in case violence broke in the DRC over the election results. It is separated from Tanzania by Lake Tanganyika in the east. The coalition allied with some opposition figures, led by Laurent-Désiré Kabila, becoming the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL). [206] Its findings confirmed Casement's report of abuses, concluding that the population of the Congo had been "reduced by half" during this period. [104][105] Kalondo claimed “I can confirm to you that the trip has been postponed. Has country already reached SDG target on electricity access? Fayulu claims to be the "legitimate" president and has called for protests. [2], At the time of independence, the country was named the Republic of Congo-Léopoldville to distinguish it from its neighbour the Republic of the Congo-Brazzaville. [149], In September 2004, state-owned Gécamines signed an agreement with Global Enterprises Corporate (GEC), a company formed by the merger of Dan Gertler International (DGI) with Beny Steinmetz Global, to rehabilitate and operate the Kananga and Tilwezembe copper mines. A country rich in raw materials but ruined by wars. Is voting compulsory in national elections? [119][120] FGM is illegal: the law imposes a penalty of two to five years of prison and a fine of 200,000 Congolese francs on any person who violates the "physical or functional integrity" of the genital organs. DRC has the world's second-highest rate of infant mortality (after Chad). It is, by area, the largest country in sub-Saharan Africa, the second-largest in all of Africa (after Algeria), and the 11th-largest in the world. Matadi to Lubumbashi, 2,700 km (1,700 mi) by road). BBC. Immigration to the DRC has decreased steadily over the past two decades, most likely as a result of the armed violence that the country has experienced. [20] The Court confirmed early on 19 January to Agence France-Presse that the ruling would be made later that day. The President's UPDS party won very few seats. [28] Determining precisely how many people died is impossible, as no accurate records exist. The Congo River was renamed the Zaire River. [citation needed] The two rebel movements, along with Rwandan and Ugandan troops, started the Second Congo War by attacking the DRC army in 1998. Mealer, Bryan: "All Things Must Fight To Live", 2008. The country possesses 80% of the world's cobalt reserves. [77], Human Rights Watch said in 2017 that Joseph Kabila recruited former M23 fighters to put down country-wide protests over his refusal to step down from office at the end of his term. In April 2013, anti-corruption NGOs revealed that Congolese tax authorities had failed to account for $88 million from the mining sector, despite booming production and positive industrial performance. [2] Though it is in the Central African United Nations subregion, the nation is also economically and regionally affiliated with Southern Africa as a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Some of the African bands sing in Lingala, one of the main languages in the DRC. [2], • Renamed to Democratic Republic of Congo, List of cities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, List of rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, "Freedom in the World 2018 – Congo, Democratic Republic of (Kinshasa)", "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "Prevalence of Rape in E. Congo Described as Worst in World", "Congo War driven crisis kills 45,000 a month", Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&oldid=7084192, Articles containing Lingala-language text, Articles containing Swahili-language text, Articles containing Luba-Katanga-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. The Céni announced the names of the winning candidates, as well as the total of votes on the national level, but no further info. Also, each year the population increases by 0.28 Million as per aggregate. [167], Actual school attendance has also improved greatly in recent years, with primary school net attendance estimated to be 82.4% in 2014 (82.4% of children ages 6–11 attended school; 83.4% for boys, 80.6% for girls). [55], In the resulting M23 rebellion, M23 briefly captured the provincial capital of Goma in November 2012. The Democratic Republic of Congo signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Like much of the infrastructure in the Congo, the railways are poorly maintained, dirty, crowded and dangerous. ", "Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. Mutombo is well known for humanitarian projects in his home country. 2. [86], On 11 January, Fayulu claimed he received 62% of the vote and said he would challenge the result in the country's Constitutional Court. Across the country, dozens of protesters were killed and hundreds were arrested. The Kongo people are the largest ethnic group in the Democratic Republic of Congo.[180]. Opponents within Zaire stepped up demands for reform. Other parties that emerged included the Parti Solidaire Africain (PSA) led by Antoine Gizenga, and the Parti National du Peuple (PNP) led by Albert Delvaux and Laurent Mbariko.[35]. [28][29] The new Ilunga government formally took office in late August 2019. The Democratic Republic of Congo has the infrastructure for hydro-electricity from the Congo River at the Inga dams. Under the new constitution, the legislature remained bicameral; the executive was concomitantly undertaken by a President and the government, led by a Prime Minister, appointed from the party able to secure a majority in the National Assembly. [8] The war is the world's deadliest conflict since World War II, killing 5.4 million people since 1998. Today, Muslims constitute approximately 1% of the Congolese population according to Pew research center. The districts are divided into territories. Chronic economic mismanagement, political corruption and internal conflicts have led to long-term under-investment of infrastructure. Zaire became a kleptocracy as Mobutu and his associates embezzled government funds. In 2002 and 2003 Bemba intervened in the Central African Republic on behalf of its former president, Ange-Félix Patassé. [19], The word Zaire is from a Portuguese adaptation of a Kikongo word nzere ("river"), a truncation of nzadi o nzere ("river swallowing rivers"). [3] Parties supporting President Kabila won the majority of seats in the National Assembly. The country lies between latitudes 6°N and 14°S, and longitudes 12°E and 32°E. The FARDC is organised on the basis of brigades, which are dispersed throughout the provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. "The big wars of the Congo that were really on top of the agenda 15 years ago are back and worsening". Congo achieved independence from Belgium on 30 June 1960 under the name Republic of the Congo. Immigration is very diverse in nature; refugees and asylum-seekers – products of the numerous and violent conflicts in the Great Lakes Region – constitute an important subset of the population. Fayulu alleged that the vote was rigged against him in a deal made by Tshisekedi Kimbanguism, officially "the church of Christ on Earth by the prophet Simon Kimbangu", now has about three million members,[194] primarily among the Bakongo of Bas-Congo and Kinshasa. The river basin (meaning the Congo River and all of its myriad tributaries) occupies nearly the entire country and an area of nearly 1,000,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi). Is your country more (blue) or less (green) densely populated than Earth's average population density? Although some people speak these regional, or trade languages as first languages, most of the population speak them as a second language after their own tribal language. The agreements signed at the end of the Second Congo War called for a new "national, restructured and integrated" army that would be made up of Kabila's government forces (the FAC), the RCD, and the MLC. Some say it's a strategy to keep the president in power", "Katanda Bone Harpoon Point | The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program", The Cambridge history of Africa: From the earliest times to c. 500 BC, "Patrice Lumumba: 50 Years Later, Remembering the U.S.-Backed Assassination of Congo's First Democratically Elected Leader", "Belgians accused of war crimes in killing of Congo leader Lumumba", "The 2006 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Congo", "Congo-Zaire's 1996–97 civil war in the context of evolving patterns of military conflict in Africa in the era of independence", "ICC Convicts Bemba of War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity", "DR Congo government, CNDP rebels 'sign peace deal, "Congo-Kinshasa: General Ntaganda and Loyalists Desert Armed Forces", "Rwanda defence chief leads DR Congo rebels, UN report says", "Rwanda military aiding DRC mutiny, report says", "Tanzanian troops arrive in eastern DR Congo as part of UN intervention brigade", "Katanga: Fighting for DR Congo's cash cow to secede", "A New Study Finds Death Toll in Congo War too High", "Congo's Death Rate Unchanged Since War Ended", "1,900 killed, over 3,300 abducted in DR Congo's eastern Kivu provinces", "The Democratic Republic of the Congo: Hurdle After Hurdle", "No elections in DR Congo before April 2018: minister", "DR Congo: Rebels Were Recruited to Crush Protests", "Fear and trauma haunt Congolese massacre survivors", "Surprise Winner Of Congolese Election Is An Opposition Leader", "REFILE-Opposition leader Felix Tshisekedi sworn in as Congo president", "DR Congo presidential election: Outcry as Tshisekedi named winner", DR Congo election board delays vote in three cities, DR Congo: Nearly 900 killed in ethnic clashes last month, UN says, Nearly 900 killed in ethnic violence in Congo in mid-December -UN, "DR Congo announces new govt 7 months after president inaugurated", https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50506743, "Nyamuragira Volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo | John Seach", The National Assembly adopts the laws regarding the limits of the provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, "Lambertini, A Naturalist's Guide to the Tropics, excerpt", "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species", "Elephant Poaching on Rise in Resistance Army Stronghold in Democratic Republic of Congo", "Devastating Decline of Forest Elephants in Central Africa", "Mountain gorilla population rises above 1,000", "Interim Constitution - Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003-2006)", "Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 2005 (rev. He also claimed that "Felix Tshisekedi has been nominated by Mr Kabila to perpetuate the Kabila regime. The DRC has Africa’s largest rainforest, which is under the threat of deforestation through mining operations, agriculture, infrastructure and wood fuel. They also agreed that Tshisekedi and his party will back a candidate from Kamerhe's Union for the Congolese Nation in the 2023 presidential elections. Lumumba declared Kasavubu's action unconstitutional and a crisis between the two leaders developed. The other 50% of Mukondo was held by Boss Mining, which in turn was 80% owned by Central African Mining & Exploration Company (CAMEC). [citation needed] Rwandan troops retreated to Goma and launched a new Tutsi-led rebel military movement called the Rassemblement Congolais pour la Democratie (RCD) to fight Kabila, while Uganda instigated the creation of new rebel movement called the Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC), led by Congolese warlord Jean-Pierre Bemba. [89] A decision is due to be made by the Court on 18 January[101] or 19 January. [151] In June 2006, Gertler bought Tremalt from the Zimbabwean businessman John Bredenkamp for about $60 million. [87], A major measles outbreak in the country left nearly 5,000 dead in 2019.[88]. On 25 November 1965, Army Chief of Staff Joseph-Désiré Mobutu, who later renamed himself Mobutu Sese Seko, officially came into power through a coup d'état. (9 October 2013). [205] Other African nations produce music genres derived from Congolese soukous. [91], On 18 January, the UN human rights office has said that 34 people have been killed, 59 wounded, and 241 arbitrarily arrested since the announcement of the provisional results on 10 January. [121][122], In July 2007, the International Committee of the Red Cross expressed concern about the situation in eastern DRC. The Democratic Republic of the Congo has fewer all-weather paved highways than any country of its population and size in Africa — a total of 2,250 km (1,400 mi), of which only 1,226 km (762 mi) is in good condition (see below). The armed groups are after gold, diamonds, oil, and cobalt to line the pockets of rich men both in the region and internationally. The eastern regions of the precolonial Congo were heavily disrupted by constant slave raiding, mainly from Arab–Swahili slave traders such as the infamous Tippu Tip, who was well known to Stanley. [81] More civilian and police casualties were reported as protests increased across the country, and thousands of military and Republican Guard troops were deployed to maintain order. The International Criminal Court prosecutor opened the case in June 2004. Though recently outlawed, children have been subjected in these exorcisms to often-violent abuse at the hands of self-proclaimed prophets and priests. [87], A joint investigation by the Financial Times and Radio France Internationale appeared to reveal that massive fraud occurred during the election. According to a 2014 OIF report, 33 million Congolese people (47% of the population) could read and write in French. Together, Mongo, Luba and Kongo peoples (Bantu) and Mangbetu-Azande peoples constitute around 45% of the population. Child soldiers have been used on a large scale in DRC, and in 2011 it was estimated that 30,000 children were still operating with armed groups.[110]. [47], For the first time, electronic voting machines were used in a Congolese election. According to CENI's vice president, the commission "hasn't called elections in 2016 because the number of voters isn't known. Tremalt had a half share in the Mukondo Mine. [62] On and off fighting in the Ituri conflict occurred between the Nationalist and Integrationist Front (FNI) and the Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC) who claimed to represent the Lendu and Hema ethnic groups, respectively. The river flows generally west from Kisangani just below Boyoma Falls, then gradually bends southwest, passing by Mbandaka, joining with the Ubangi River, and running into the Pool Malebo (Stanley Pool). [76] Due to disruption of planting and harvesting caused by the conflict, the UN estimated in March 2018 that two million children risk starvation. [224], Bush meat is an important source of protein for millions in the DRC, especially in rural areas where it makes up 50-70% of meals. On 27 November Congolese foreign minister Raymond Tshibanda told the press no elections would be held in 2016, after 20 December, the end of president Kabila's term. The executive branch was vested in a 60-member cabinet, headed by a President and four vice presidents. Help us do this work by making a donation. When the Belgian Congo became independent, its leaders fought each other. [94][95] Gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos are all classified as endangered by the World Conservation Union, as well as the okapi, which is also native to the area. The organisation also called for a vote recount. These numbers peaked in 2004 when, according to UNHCR, there were more than 460,000 refugees from the DRC; in 2008, Congolese refugees numbered 367,995 in total, 68% of whom were living in other African countries. The name for the Congo state is derived in part from the river. [114] It was announced later that the inauguration was postponed, though no official reason was given. [170] Malaria is also a problem. The International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was initiated by Joseph Kabila in April 2004. The constitutional interpretation prerogative of the Supreme Court is now held by the Constitutional Court. The majority are Sunni Muslims. Besides the capital Kinshasa, the two next largest cities, Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi are both mining communities. This renaming campaign was completed in the 1970s. He periodically held elections in which he was the only candidate. The terrain and climate of the Congo Basin present serious barriers to road and rail construction, and the distances are enormous across this vast country. Patient Ligodi, Amedee Mwarabu (5 November 2017). Due to the pro-Kabila parties having the majority in parliament, they have the constitutional power to nominate the candidate for the head of government. High, glaciated mountains (Rwenzori Mountains) are found in the extreme eastern region. Portuguese is taught in the Congolese schools as a foreign language. It is the second largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world. derived from Portuguese usage) remained common. And those two later give birth to soukous. 2018 – 11.3 Million; The population of Kinshasa in 2019 can be found after checking the population from the previous 5 years. However, conversely conflict reduced deforestation for large scale mining due to security instability. [107] On January 23, the United States agreed to support the court's certification of Tshisekdi's victory and also work with the incoming DRC President's government as well. The parliament elected Joseph Kasavubu as President, of the Alliance des Bakongo (ABAKO) party. During the Free State, his colonial military unit, the Force Publique, forced the local population to produce rubber. This atmosphere contributed to Mobutu's declaring the Third Republic in 1990, whose constitution was supposed to pave the way for democratic reform. [228] Even though when the meat is cooked smoked or dried it kills the virus, business has dropped significantly with some hunters reporting as much of a reduction in sales of 80%. These are SAPP (Southern African Power Pool), EAPP (East African Power Pool), CAPP (Central African Power Pool). Despite such vast mineral wealth, the economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo has declined drastically since the mid-1980s. [11] However, Félix Tshisekedi and Vital Kamerhe soon after broke this agreement and agreed that Tshisekedi should run for president while Kamerhe would serve as his campaign manager and become Prime Minister if he won. [103] AU spokeswoman Ebba Kalondo also issued a statement revealing that the AU agreed to postpone the DRC delegation talks. Five of the country's national parks are listed as World Heritage Sites: the Garumba, Kahuzi-Biega, Salonga and Virunga National Parks, and the Okapi Wildlife Reserve. The Senate had, among other things, the charge of drafting the new constitution of the country.
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